Coke oven



Aug. 17

1,596,408 M. w. DIT-ro 1 COKE OVEN original Filed Jan. 14 1922 4y Sheets-sheet 1 COKE OVEN original Filed Jn. 14, 1922 4 sheets-sheet 2 217/177 ,Wz' r. f

Aug. 17 1926. 1,596,408

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M.;w. DlTTo COKE OVEN original Filed Jan. 14, 1922 4 sheets-sheet 4 atented Aug. 17, 1926.

UNITED srnras MARVIN W. DITTO,

or cmcaeo, immers, .assrcnorc BY Mnsnn ASSIGNMENTS, To

CHICAGO TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION.

COKE OVEN.

Application led January 14, 1922, Serial No. 528,291.

This invention has to do withucertain improvementsin coke `ovens andthe like. It Ihas to do with the constructionof coke ovens, and the heating wall arrangement thereof, as well as certain improvements in regenerative coke ovens in general.

One of the features of the present invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of coke ovens of that type in which the heating gases are caused to flow downwardly through the passages of the heating wall at one side of the chamber, and then upwardly through the passages of the heating wall at the other side of the chamber, arrangements being provided' for permitting the direction of flow of the' gases to be reversed. One of the features in this connection, is to provide an improved construction of heating walls of great mechan-- ical strength and4 which is so arranged as to secure a very eiicient and well controlled transmission of the heat from the gases to the surface of the coking chamber.

Another feature of the invention is to provide, in coke ovens of the general type mentioned above, means for reinforcing the combustion at or near the central portion of the flow of thev gases, this reinforcement being provided in any suitable manner, as by the introduction of an additional constituent or constituents of combustion. Moreparticularly, in this connection, 'an object is to provide an arrangement in which 'the reinforcement of combustion isbrought about at or n ar the point where the gases commence their flow through the second wall after having completed their flow 'through the first wall of the pair, through which they are traveling.-

A still further object in connection with the foregoing features relates to the provision of a coke oven construction in which the walls are rovided with vertical groups of passages or the heating gases, which groups may be in themselves formed from a mesh work of more or less interconnected passages, or may constitute individual flues as desired.

Still more particularly another object of the invention is to provide a cokefoven construction embodying the foregoing features and in which the heating walls are in themselves constructed from notched blocks of the general type disclosed in various Lets purposes of Renewed January 8, 1926.

lters Patent of the United States including Patent No. 1,132,685, .issued March 23, 1915.

Other objects and uses of the invention will appear from a detailed description of the same, which consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a coke oven construction embodying the features of the present invention, being taken on the line. 1-1 of Figs. 3,v 4, and 5, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through one of the partition walls, being taken` on the line 2--2 of Figs. 3, 4 and 5, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 shows a transverse section taken on the line 3.-3 of Figs. 1 and 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 shows a section taken on the line 4:-4 of Figs. 1 and 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;

' Fig. 5 shows a section taken on the line 5-5 of Figs. 1` and 2, looking in the direction ofthe arrows;` i

Fig. 6 shows a detail plan view on enlarged scale illustrating a typical form of notched block such .as may be used in the lconstruction of the heating walls; and

Fig. 7 shows a side view corresponding to Fig. 6.

I desire to state at the outset, largely for convenience in illustration, I have shown the features of the present invention as being embodied within a coke oven construction built up from notched blocks of the general ty disclosed in Letters Patent of the nited States No. 1,132,685, issued March 23, 1915, as well as various other Letters Patent of the United States and applications therefor. I have also done this for the reason that coke oven constructions built up from notched blocks of the foregoing and other types are found to be very successful in practical yconstruction and operation, and for this reason among others, I have illustrated herein a construction built up from notched blocks of this type inasmuch as the same constitutesa very practical and serviceable and higlhly satisfactory construction. Nevertheless, do not: limit the application of the features of tion in which there are provided two heating' walls for each coking chamber, the heating walls for adjacent coking chambers being separated by intermediate partition walls, and certain of the air and gas passages being located within these partition walls. Nevertheless, I do not limit the features of the present invention to coke oven constructions having two distinct heating walls for each coking chamber, or to coke oven constructions incorporating the use of intervening partition walls between the heating walls of adjacent coking chambers, except as I-may do so in the claims.

Bearing the foregoing in mind, I have shown a construction in which each coking chamber 10 is provided with the two heating walls 11 and 12. Between the heating walls of adjacent chambers are provided the partition walls 13 within which, as a matter ofconvenience, are located certain of the air and gas passages.

Each heating wall is built up from notched blocks 14. In Figs. 6 and 7 I have illustrated in detail asimple form of such notched block, the same including the head portions 15 and 16 joined together by the neck or dumb-bell section 17 which is of reduced size so as to provide the notches 18 and 19 at its sides, together with the notch 20 at its top. Blocks of this type or of other suitable types, when set together in proper manner provide a mesh work of interconnected passages 21 extending in a more or less vertical fashion between the upper and lower portions of the heating walls.

Along the upper portion of each heating wall there is provided a series of combustion chambers 22.. A gas nozzle 23, and one or more air ports 24, lead into each of the combustion chambers 22, so that the constituents of combustion come together in these chambers where the combustion commences. The gas nozzles 23 may be supplied with gas for combustion in any suitable manner, and the ports.24 communicate with chambers 25 immediately abovethem. These chambers 25 extend upwards in vertical fashion to the top of the wall where they may be conveniently reached for inspection or for the introduction of suitable tools, by means of which damper blocks 26 located adjacent to the upper ends of the ports 24 may be adjusted so as to more or less completely close said ports.

Corresponding to the chambers 25 there are vertical passages 27 in the partition wall, which passages communicate with the chambers 25 through the ports 28. The passages 27 are conveniently located within the partition walls, although they may be placed in any other suitable structure. bustion may be delivered upwardly through the passages 27 and through the ports 28 during the downward travel ofk heating gases, or spent gas may flow out through the ports 28 and downwardly through the passages 27 when the heating gases are flowing upwardly through the wall.

Each heating wall has its passages divided up into a series of vertically extending groups designated successively as A and B in Fig. 1. The groups A and B alternate with each other in position within the wall, so that they come in succession. Each passage or group of passages A and B may comprise a single flue or vertically extending passage, or may comprise a section of a mesh work of passages of restricted dimensions lengthwise of the wall. This is the particular type of construction' illustrated in the drawings and is a very desirable and satisfactoryrtype of construction for many purposes and reasons, but I wish it clearly understood that as far as certain features of the invention are concerned, I do not restrict myself to the same except as I may do so in the claims.

The sub-division of the wall into these passages or groups A and B is accomplished by means of vertical partitions 29, which partitions may be convenientl established by special forms-of blocks, an these partitions are so located and formed that the combustion chambers 22 are placed in direct communication with the different passages or groups, there being at least one combustion chamber for each passage or group.

Within the sole of the oven 3() there are located U-shaped passages 31 which communicate with the lower ortions of the passages or groups A and lg, thus establishing dlrect communication between the lower end of each passage or group in one wall and the lower end ofthe opposite passage or group of the other wall, the U-shaped passages 31 and the passages or groups A and B being otherwise distinct from each other. The arrangement is such that there is established a series of U-shaped passages or groups, the vertical arms of each lying in the opposite heating Walls, and the bottom connections extending across the sole of the oven and beneath the coking chamber. Manifestly, gases flowing down through one arm will ass beneath the coking chamber up throug the arm of the opposite wall.

Upon reaching the to of the last named arm said gases will ow out through the port 28 and downwardl through the passage 27 corresponding t ereto. A reversal of flow may take place throughout the chain thus established.

In the operation of this oven construc- Air for comlll) ' simultaneously tion combustion gases and air may be introduced into all of the combustion chambers 22 along the top of a heating wall, so that the heating gases may flow downwardly` therethrough, across the sole of the oven, and upwardly through the opposite heating wall; or gas and air for combustion may be introduced into alternate combustion chambers 22 of one heating wall, corresponding, for example, to the passage groups A, flowing downwardly through said groups, across the sole of the oven and upwardly through the corresponding groups in the other heating wall, and simultaneously gas and air for combustion may be intro.- duced into the combustion chambers 22 `for the other groups, for example, B, in the second wall, flowing downwardly therethrough, across the sole of the oven, and upwardly through the corresponding groups of the first mentioned wall. This is the particular arrangement illustrated in the drawings. This arrangement is such that in each heating wall thegases in consecutive passages or groups are simultaneously flowing in opposite directions, and is such that the reversals in all of the passages take place together, so that this opposition of flow is maintained at all times.

Suitable regenerators or groups of regenerators are provided for the heating walls and proper connections are established therewith. 'Ihese regenerator groups are designated 32 and 33 respectively. As a matter of convenience, each group includesfour sections C, D, E and F, but inasmuch as the sections of each group operate together, they may for some purposes be treated as a common regenerator.

Above each regenerator or group 32 is a sole passage 34, and above each regenerator or group 33 is a sole passage The sections C, D, E and F of each regenerator are divided by vertical baffles 36 and 37 in such a manner that Athe gases are compelled to fiow through the regenerator section in the manner iindicated by the arrows of Fig. 1. The ends of the sole passages 34 and 35 are connected to the proper regenerator sections C and F by means of ports 38 and 39, and the central portions of the sole passages tor sections D and E by means of ports 40 and 41. The adjacent portions of the sections C and E connect with a channel 42 by means of ports 43 and 44, and the adjacent portions of the sections E and l" communicate with a channel 45 by means of ports 46 and 47 respectively. Damper blocks 48 are located within the channels 34 and 35 adjacent to the orts 38, 40, 41 and 39, which damper bloc s may be conveniently manipulated through ports 49 when opened. In this way the damper blocks may be properly adjusted to give a are connected to the proper regenera-` practically uniform flow and proper draft at all points of the channels.

The lower ends of those passages 27 corresponding to the passages or groups A connect by means of ports 50 with the channels 34 and therefore with the regenerators 32, and the lower ends of the verticalpassages 27 corresponding to `the passages or groups B connect by means of ports 51 with the channels 35 and therefore with the regenerator sections 33. It is thus evident that by 1ntroducing air through the regenerators l32, the same will be preheated in said regenerator, will flow upwardly through the port-s 50 and corresponding passages .27 and encounter gas for combustion in the com.- bustion chambers 22 for the passages* or groups A, will flow down through said passages or groups, across, and upwardly through the corresponding passages or groups in the other wall, thence downwardly through the corresponding passages 27, through the ports 50 into the next regenerator 32.- The spentA gas will then flow through said regenerator and be delivered therefrom. Simultaneously air may be introduced through the regenerator 33 which communicates by means of its ports 51 with those passages 27 which are intermediate between the passages 27 through which spent gases are flowing downwardly, said air flowing upwardly and being delivered into the combustion chambers 22 for the groups or passages B intermediate between the groups or passages A and through which spent gases are flowing outwardly, thence downwardly through said passages or groups B, across beneath the sole of the oven,

pas

ble by introduction of air into the proper regenerators and by the withdrawal of spent gas from the proper regenerators, and byV simultaneous introduction of gas for com-v bustion through the proper nozzles 23 to bring about the desired combustion together with the desired flow through the passages or groups of the heating walls.

Owin to the fact that the heating gases travel t rough a double distance of the heating walls from the time combustion commences until' they are ultimately discharged, being substantially the vertical distance of two heating walls, it follows that there maybe a substantial reduction of temperature. of the heating gases before they are discharged. In those cases in whic it is ldesired to maintain amore uniform temperature of the heating gases this result may be readily accomplished by a reinforcement of combustion in the manner which I will now ex lain:

At t e lower ends of the passages or groups A and B there are located the combustion chambers52. Corresponding to each of these combustion chambers there is a nozzle block 53 which reaches sidewise to a point beneath the adjacent partition wall, said nozzle block being provided with a slitted nozzle 54 which faces upwardly into the corresponding combustion chamber 52 as is clearly evident from Fig. 1. A passage 55 reaches sidewise from each of said slitted nozzles to a point in vertical alignment with the partition wall, the partition wall. itself being provided with a vertical passage 56 adapted to deliver gas for combustion into the passage 55. These passages 56 for secondary gas reach upwardly through the partition wall to points adjacent to the top of the structure -where gas may be readily introduced through them to the corresponding burner blocks.

By introducing an excess quantity of air into the combustion chambers '22 where the initial combustion tal-:es place, and an insufiicient quantity of gas to completely consume such air, there will remain a quantity of unconsumed oxygen in the gases delivered through the sole passages and into the combustion chambers 52, and the additional quantity of gas for combustion introduced into these chambers will take up such oxygen so as to reinforce the combustion according to the well understood principle. In this connection, I wish t0 point out the fact that.

this reinforcement of combustion bears a pcculiar relationship to. the provision of U- shaped groups of passages reaching downwardly through one heating wall, across the sole of the oven, and upwardly through the opposite heating wall, since such groups of passages are unusually long and it is therefore peculiarly desirable to reinforce the combustion within them.

While I have herein shown and described only a single embodiment of the features of the present invention, still I do not limit myself to the same except as I may do so in the claims.

l claim:

l. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, there being within the heating walls an equal number of vertically extending passages for'the transfer of heating gases in a generally vertical direction, there being combustion chambers at the upper and lower ends of each such passage, there being sole connections joining together the lower ends of the opposite passages ofthe two walls in pairs to thereby establish a scries of U-shaped passages each having a vertical arm in each heatlng wall together with a cross connection in the sole of the oven,

connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the lupper combustion chambers, and connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper and lower combustion chambers, substantially as described.

2. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating' walls having a coking chamber between them, there being within the heating walls an equal number of vertically extending passages for the trans-A fer of heating gases in a generally vertical direction, Vthere being combustion chambers at the upper and lower ends of each such passage, there being sole connections joiningl together the lower ends of the opposite passages of the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series of U-shaped passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross connection in the sole of the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper and lower combustion chambers, and regenerators in conjunction with the connections to the upper combustion chambers, substantially as described.

3. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, there being within th'e heating walls an equal number of vertically extending passages for the transfer ot' heating gases in a generally vertical direction, there being combustion chambers at the upper and lower ends of each such passage, there being sole connections joining together thc lower ends of the opposite passages of the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series of U-shapved passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross connection in the sole of the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers selectively, and connections for the delivery of gas for cornbustion into the up )er and lower combustion chambers selective y, substantially as described.

4. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a cokingchamber between them, there being within the heating walls an equal number of vertically extending passages for the transfer of heating gases in a Generally vertical direction, there being combustion cha'mbers at the upper and lower ends of each such passages, there beingso'le connections joining together the lower ends of the opposite passages of the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series of U-shaped passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross connection in the sole of the oven, `connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers selectively, connections for the delivery of gas Jfor combustion into the upper and lower combustion chambers selectively, and Iregenerators in conjunction with the connections to the upper combustion chambers, substantially as described.

5. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprisingnotched blocks serving to establish a series of groups of vertically eX- tending passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally vertical direction through the wall, there being combustion chambers at the upper and lower ends of each such group of passages, there being sole connections joining together the lower ends of the opposite groups of passages of the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series of lll-shaped groups of passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross connection in the sole ont the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or removal oi spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper and lower combustion chambers, and 'regenerators in conjunction with the connections to the upper combusticn chambers, vsubstantially as described.

6. coke oven structure including a pair oi' spaced apart heating walls havinga col(- ing chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks serving to establish a series of groups of vertically eX- tending passages `for the transfer oi"2 heating gases in a generally vertical direction through the iwall, there being combustion chambers at the upper and lower ends of each such group o' passages, there being sole connections joining together the lower ends ofthe .opposite groups of passages of the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series o' iill-shaped groups of passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross connection in the sole ci the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or the removal of spent' gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, and connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper and lower V chambers. substantially as described.

A cokeT oven structure including n pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between there, each heating wall comprising notched blocks serving to establish a series of groups of vertically eX- tending passages orthe transfer oi heating gases in a generally vertical direction through the wall, there being a combustion chamber at the upper end oil each such group of passages, there being sole connections joining together the lower ends of the op-v posits groups oi passages oiE the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series of U- shaped groups of assages each havingx a vertical arm in eac heating wall toget er with a cross connection in the sole of the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, connections.

for the delivery of gas for combustion into each. of the combustion chambers, and regenerators in conjunction with the connections to the combustion chambers, substantially as described. v

8. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks serving to establish a series of groups of vertically extending passages or the trans-ier of heating gases in a generally vertical direction through thewall, there being a combustion chamber at the upper end of each such group of passages,l there being sole connections joining together the lower ends of the op-I posite groups of passages oi the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series o U- shaped groups of passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross connection in 'the sole ot the oven, connections Jior the delivery oi2 air to or removal oi spent gas from each or the upper combustion chambers, and connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into eachl of the combustion chambers, substantially as described.

9. il coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks serving to establish a series of groups of vertically extending passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally vertical direction through the wall, there being combustion chambersat the upper and lower ends of each such group of passages, there being sole connections joining together the lower ends of the opposite groups of passa-ges of the two walls in pairs to thereby establish a series of U-shaped groups ci passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall togetherwith a cross connection in the sole or the oven, connections 'for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers selectively, connections 'for the delivery of gas for combustion into the upper and lower combustion chambers selectively, and regenerators in conjunction with the connections to the upper combustion chambers, substantially as described. l

l0. A colte oven structure including a pair -ot' spaced apart heating walls having a cohing chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched bloclrs serving to provide horizontally 'and verticali extending passages within the wall, vertical' partitions diirs yviding such passages into independent vertical groups, there being combustion chambers at the upper and lower ends of each'group, there being solei connections joining together the lower ends of opposite groups of passages of the two walls to thereby establish a series of U-shaped groups of passages each having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross" connection in the sole of the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas Vfrom each of the upper combustion chambers, connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper and lower combustion chambers, and regenerators in conjunction with the upper combustion chambers, substantially as described.

l1. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking Ychamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks serving to provide horizontally' and vertically extendn ing passages within the wall, vertical part'- tions dividing such passages into independent vertical groups, there being a combustion chamber at the upper end of each group, there being sole connections joining together the lower ends of opposite groups of passages of the two ywalls to thereby establish a series of lll-shaped groups of' passages each' having a vertical arm in each heating wall together with a cross connection in the sole of the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper combustion chambers, and regenerators in conjunction with the upper chambers, substantially as described.

12. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks serving to provide horizontally and vertically extending passages within the wall, vertical partitions dividing such passages into independent vertical. groups, there being combustion chambers at the u per and lower ends of each group, there being sole connections joining together the lower ends of opposite of passages of the two walls to there y establish a series ot U-shaped groups of passages each having a vertical arm in. each heating wall together with a cross connection in the sole of the-oven, connections for the delivery ot air tol or gas from each oups of the upper combustion chambers, and connections for the delivery of gas tor combustion into each of the upper and lower combustion chambers, substantially as described.

13. 'A coke oven structure including a pair l0f spaced apart heating wallshaving a cokchamber between them, each heating comprising notched blocks serving to removal of spent together with across connection in the solo of the oven, connections for the delivery of air to or removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, and connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper combustion chambers, substantially as described.

14. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, together with a sole structure, there being a series of U- shaped passages for the transfer of heating gases through the walls and sole structure, n

each including vertical arms in opposite portions of the two walls together with a cross connection in the Sole structure, there `being combustion chambers at the upper and lower ends of each arm, connections for the delivery of air into or the removal of spent gas from each ofthe upper combustion chambers connections for the delivery of gas for com ustion into each of the upper and lower combustion' chambers selectively, and regenerators in conjunction with the connections to the upper combustion chambers, substantially as described.

l5. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, together with a sole structure, there being a series of U- shaped passages for the transfer of heating gases through the walls and sole structure, each including vertical arms in the two walls together with a cross connection in the sole structure, there being ooinbustionchainbers at the upper and lower ends of each arm, connections for the deliveryof air into or the removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, connections lor the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper and lower combustion chambers selectively, and regenerators in conjunction with connections tothe upper' sole structure, there being a series o arm, connections for the delivery of air into or the removal of spent gas from each of the upper combustion chambers, and connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of the upper and lower combustion chambers selectively, substantially as described. v

17. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, together' wifthua shaped passages for the transfer of heating gases through the walls and sole structure, each including vertical arms in the two walls together with a cross connection in the sole structure, there being a combustion chamber at the upper end of each arm, connections for the delivery of air into or the removal of spent gas from each of said upper combustion chambers, connections for the delivery of gas for combustion into each of said combustion chambers, and regenerators inconjunction with the connections to the combustion chambers, substantially as described. v

v18. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, together with a sole struct-ure, there being a ,seri of U- shaped passages for the transfer of heating gases through the walls and sole structure, each including vertical arms in the walls together with a cross connection in the sole structure, there being a combustion chamber at the upper end of each arm, connections for the delivery of air into or the removal of s ent gas from each of said upper combustion c ambers, and connections for the delivery v of gas for combustion into each of Said combustion chambers, substantlally as described.Y

MARVIN W. DITTO. 

